Although, While & Whereas
Understand how these three linking words express contrast and comparison in everyday English, emails, IELTS and academic writing.
ALTHOUGH
Connect two contrasting ideas in one sentence.
Use although to connect two contrasting ideas in one sentence.
Although the weather was cold, we went for a walk.
Do not use but with although in the same sentence.
Although the weather was cold, but we went for a walk.
Although the weather was cold, we went for a walk.
WHILE
Compare two different sides.
Use while when you want to compare two different facts, groups, choices or situations.
“On the other hand…”
While some students prefer online classes, others learn better in a classroom.
Online classes vs classroom learning
While some people prefer living in cities, but others enjoy living in the countryside.
While some people prefer living in cities, others enjoy living in the countryside.
WHEREAS
Make a direct or formal comparison.
Use whereas to directly compare two different or contrasting facts.
One is like this, whereas the other is different.
Soccer accounted for two fifths of the total, whereas tennis represented only a tenth.
Private cars offer greater convenience, whereas public transport helps reduce traffic congestion.
Remember: Whereas = direct comparison between two sides.
Choose Your Grammar Exercise
Review the rules above, then apply them in practice.